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Connie Lynn Rankin Roland was born in 1935, to father Ray William Rankin, and mother Mildred Dorothy Vincent. Connie spent her childhood and adolescent years in Tillsonburg, where she helped her father with office work in his medical practice. She later became an actor, and in 1979 married medical historian Dr. Charles Gordon Roland, with whom she had seven children.

Gerry Glow was born July 6, 1913, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, to father Israel Glow, and mother Ida Gurvitch. Glow grew up alongside his brother Morris and was educated at St. Johns Technical Highschool. Following High School, Glow attended the University of Manitoba for one year. In 1937, Glow joined the Communist Party of Canada, and subsequently decided to fight in the Spanish Civil War, as he felt he had a duty to help the Spaniard’s fight for democracy. In 1937, Glow arrived in Spain, where he trained with the 2nd Battalion of Instruction, Canadian Company, before attending First Aid School in December of 1937. Glow then served with the 12th Brigade, 2nd Battalion, Company 2 from March to April of 1938. In July of 1938, Glow was transferred to the Mackenzie Papineau Battalion. Glow served in The Retreats from Belchite to Gandesa and the Ebro Crossing to Corbera.

Glow returned to Canada after the Spanish Civil War concluded and was involved in various strikes and demonstrations in Canada. He later worked in his brother Morris’s pharmacy and went on to marry Sally Bolt. Glow passed away February 23, 1997, in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Ross Russell was born in Russell Greenberg on January 30, 1911, in Toronto, Ontario. He was born to James Greenberg and Rose Wermes, who were non-practicing Jews. Both of Russell’s parents were born in the United States but came to Canada to raise their family.

Russell lived and attended school in Toronto, but at the age of 18 left school and started work at FW Woolworth Company in North York, transferring after a year and a half to the Montreal location as an assistant manager. In the early 1930s, the Depression occurred, and Adolph Hitler came to power, prompting Russell to start educating himself on world politics and conflicts. When the Spanish Civil War began in 1936, Russell followed the story closely. It was at this time that he married, and his wife became one of the leaders of a local committee dedicated to helping the Spanish. In 1937, Russell left his job and signed onto the International Brigades, ready to travel overseas and help in the Spanish conflict. He and his fellows secretively journeyed to Spain by way of France, enacting a “spy thriller-esque” sequence of covert meetings, midnight bus convoys, and a march over the Pyrenees Mountains.

Once at the Albacete headquarters of the International Brigades, the men were divided into language groups and Canada was paired up with America and England to form the 15th Brigade. Russell was trained to be a machine gunner and moved many times with his company but didn’t see any action until the fight for Tervel. During this battle, he was hit in the back by shrapnel and had to be taken first to hospital and then a convalescent home in Denia. After recovering from this injury, misfortune struck again when the train Russell was travelling in was bombed and he was once more hit by a bomb fragment. In the early summer of 1938, Russell was in a hospital in Valencia when the city was bombed, delaying his departure from Spain.

Russell returned home to Montreal in February of 1938 and, after a period of recovery, was scouted to manage a new location of the Federal Store, on the condition that he change his original surname of Greenberg, which he did. However, after only a year and a half, he got a more attractive offer from a store in Toronto and moved back with his wife, enlisting in the army reserves once there. In the 1970s, Russell joined the Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion Veterans, an association committed to gaining official veteran status for those Canadians who fought in the Spanish Civil War. He eventually become president of the association and remained an active member until his death in 1990.

The site of Hamilton General Hospital in Hamilton, Ontario was originally home to City Hospital. The City owned facility was moved in 1882 to a plot of farmland that was purchased for $4,600. The Hamilton General Training School of Nursing was established at City Hospital in 1890, and in 1901 the Hamilton City Hospital Alumnae Association was founded. Meanwhile, the hospital’s services were continually expanded; A maternity hospital opened in 1892, and an operating theatre was built in 1893. In 1914, a separate children’s ward was established, funded largely by private contributions and the sale of souvenirs.

In 1917 City Hospital became Hamilton General Hospital. The city’s first cancer clinic was established there in 1938. In 1962, Hamilton General Hospital amalgamated with the Nora Frances Henderson Hospital and the Mountain Hospital to become a single corporation known as Hamilton Civic Hospitals. Fifteen years later in 1997, that corporation joined Chedoke Hospitals to establish Hamilton Health Sciences.

The McMaster Medical Student Council (MMSC) is an elected group of students who organize academic and non-academic events to complement the undergraduate medical program. The MMSC serves the needs of medical students within the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine. Through the formation of interest groups, promotion of volunteer opportunities, and funding of research events, the MMSC strives to provide students the opportunity to explore the many aspects of medicine in order to enhance their overall learning experience. Various MMSC committees are tasked with planning and organizing events such as blood drives, memorials, community fundraisers and volunteer opportunities for students, as well as collecting materials for the School of Medicine yearbook and the MMSC newsletter, The Placebo.

Edward James Moran Campbell (better known as Moran) was a physician, scientist, and educator. His career spanned decades, and he was considered the foremost clinical respiratory physiologist of his generation, and directly influenced how respiratory medicine is taught in England and Canada.

E.J.M Campbell was born August 31, 1925, in Yorkshire, England, to father Edward Gordon Campbell, a general practitioner; and mother Clare Irene O’Callaghan. Campbell’s early education took place at Clifton High School, a private preparatory school in Harrogate and at King James’ Grammar School in Knaresborough. Campbell would later attend the Harrogate Technical College night school where he became a pathology technician. After working as a technician, Campbell attended Middlesex Hospital Medical School where he completed a BSc in 1949, his MD in 1951, and a PhD in 1954.

From 1953-1954 Campbell was the Registrar at the Middlesex Hospital and following that became the Comyns-Berkeley Fellow of the Middlesex Hospital and Gonville and Caius College in Cambridge, which he held at the John Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1955, Campbell would be appointed an assistant professor at the Post Graduate Medical School (later the Royal Postgraduate Medical School) while also being a practicing physician at the Hammersmith Hospital. In 1957 Campbell married Diana Mary Elizabeth Green (1931-2021), who was a nurse at Middlesex Hospital. The two would eventually have four children: Fiona, Susan, Robert, and Jessica.

Campbell would publish the book “The Respiratory Muscles and the Mechanisms of Breathing” in 1958 which was based on his PhD thesis on “The Muscular Control of Breathing in Man”, and in 1960 would submit a paper that would lead to the creation of the Venturi mask. The following decade would see Campbell become the Editor in Chief of the “Clinical Science” Journal and would go on to edit the “Clinical Physiology” textbook with John Dickinson. In 1965 Campbell would deliver a lecture (on “Respiratory Failure”) for the Goulstonian Lectures at the Royal College of Physicians, London; and in 1967 would be the youngest scientist to give the J. Burns Amberson Lecture of the American Thoracic Society.

In 1968 Campbell was approached by John Evans, the founding Dean of the McMaster University Medical School, to become a R.S. McLaughlin Professor of Medicine, and the founding Chair of the Department of Medicine at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. Realizing that he would rather create something new then staying in England, Campbell would accept the position and moved to Hamilton with his family that same year. From 1968-1975 Campbell would be the Chair of the Department of Medicine and was known as an incredible recruiter and resource for the department. After ending his seven-year run as Chair of the Department, Campbell would continue as Professor of Medicine. Campbell would become a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1983 and would also publish a memoir in 1988 called “Not Always on the Level”, which detailed his life and work while living with bipolar disorder. In 1991 Campbell would retire from his position at McMaster University with his achievements being honored at the “International Breathlessness: Campbell Symposium”. From 1991-2004 Campbell would be designated as a Professor Emeritus of the university, and in 2001 was inducted as an Officer of the Order of Canada by then Governor General Adrienne Clarkson.

Campbell was an avid cyclist, picking up the hobby while moving to Hamilton, and was a vocal supporter of cycling tracks and lanes in the city. Throughout the span of his life, E.J.M Campbell would write a multitude of scholarly articles and had many of his opinion pieces published in various newspapers.

Campbell would die on April 12, 2004, from colon cancer.

Dr. David Lawrence Sackett (1934-2015) was a physician, clinical scientist, and educator who is widely considered the father of evidence-based medicine.

Born and raised in suburban Chicago, Illinois, USA, Sackett earned a B.A. degree in 1956 from Lawrence College in Appleton, Wisconsin, and a B.Sc. in 1958 and an M.D. in 1960 from the University of Illinois College of Medicine in Chicago specializing in internal medicine and nephrology. He was then a Postdoctoral Fellow at the National Institutes of Health before being drafted into the armed forces as a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Sackett was allocated to the U.S. Public Health Service and positioned at the Chronic Disease Research Institute at the State University of New York at Buffalo. Here, his interest shifted from laboratory to clinical medicine, particularly clinical epidemiology. In 1967, he earned an M.Sc. degree in epidemiology from Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts.

In 1967, Sackett moved to Hamilton, Ontario to establish in McMaster University’s new School of Medicine the world’s first Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, in which he became an Associate Professor and of which he became the first Chair. He was promoted to the rank of Professor in 1970. In 1974 and 1975, he was a Visiting Professor in the Department of Community Medicine at St. Thomas’s Hospital Medical School in London, England, working with Dr. Walter W. Holland. At McMaster, Sackett conducted novel research into the effects of aspirin and carotid endarterectomy in reducing the chances of stroke; care and treatment options for those suffering from hypertension; and the effectiveness of nurse practitioners. He led the creation of an M.Sc. program in clinical epidemiology and health care research methods, and persuaded McMaster not to create a Department of Public Health so that the ideas of epidemiology would not be isolated in one department.

In 1983, in an effort to keep up-to-date clinically, Sackett undertook a two-year residency in hospitalist internal medicine. He subsequently served as Physician-in-Chief at Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals and then, beginning in 1990, as Head of the Division of General Internal Medicine for the Hamilton region and Attending Physician at Henderson General Hospital.

During his time in Hamilton, Sackett worked to develop the concept of evidence-based medicine, which posits that patient care should be based on a critical appraisal of the best and most up-to-date scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values, as opposed to tradition, authority, and subjective judgement. It requires that randomized clinical trials (RCTs) be conducted to determine the efficacy of diagnostic tests and treatments and that the results of these trials be made accessible to and be trusted by physicians. For this reason, Sackett spent much time examining and improving the ways in which RCTs are carried out as well as actually carrying them out. Evidence-based medicine further requires that the results of each trial be compared with those of other trials concerning the same medical condition. In 1993, an international charitable organization, the Cochrane Collaboration, was formed to oversee the undertaking of this work by volunteer experts. Sackett became the first Chair of its Steering Group.

The following year, Sackett left McMaster and moved to England to become the founding Director of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine at the University of Oxford and a clinician at John Radcliffe Hospital. While at Oxford, Sackett traveled extensively within the United Kingdom and Europe, visiting hospitals and teaching medical professionals about evidence-based medicine, which, as a result, gained great popularity. He also became the founding Co-Editor of the journal Evidence-Based Medicine. Wanting to make way for new thinking, Sackett gave his final lecture on evidence-based medicine in 1999.

That same year, Sackett officially retired from academia and clinical practice and returned to Canada. In Irish Lake, Ontario, he founded and became the Director of the Kilgore S. Trout Research & Education Centre (now based in Hamilton), where he read, researched, wrote, and taught about RCTs. Sackett also served as an expert witness in lawsuits against Big Pharma.

Dr. Sackett died in Markdale, Ontario on 13 May 2015 at the age of 80 due to cholangiocarcinoma (cancer of the bile duct).

Throughout his life, Sackett published twelve books, about sixty book chapters, and over four hundred articles in medical and scientific journals, and earned numerous prestigious awards and honours, including an Honorary Doctorate of Science from McMaster in 2009.

Earle Parkhill Scarlett was born in High Bluff, Manitoba in 1896 to Reverend Robert A. Scarlett and Alma Parkhill Scarlett. In 1906, the family moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba. Scarlett left home at the age of 15 and made his way by teaching summer school. He entered Wesley College (now the University of Winnipeg) at 16 where he pursued his Bachelor of Arts. During this time, he served as editor of the college journal, Vox Wesleyana. After receiving his Bachelor of Arts in 1916, Scarlett joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force and fought in WWI, becoming severely wounded in the Battle of Arras. Following his time in the military, Scarlett decided to study medicine and enrolled at the University of Toronto. While there, he fostered his passion for academic journals, founding and editing the first undergraduate medical journal in North America, the University of Toronto Medical Journal. Scarlett achieved his Bachelor of Medicine in 1924 and that same year he married Jean Odell, with whom he went on to have three children, Robert, Elizabeth, and Katherine.

After graduation, Scarlett did his postgraduate work and fellowship at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan from 1925-27. He was then an associate professor in the Faculty of Medicine at the State University of Lowa from 1927-30. In 1930, Scarlett moved back to Canada, settling in Calgary, Alberta where he joined the Calgary Associate Clinic as a specialist in internal medicine. From 1931-51, he conducted sexual education classes for high school boys through the YMCA, the first venture of its kind in the city. He became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada in 1932 and a fellow of the American College of Physicians in 1946. Along with his Clinic colleague Dr. George Stanley, Scarlett founded the Historical Bulletin, a quarterly medical history journal, which ran from 1936-58. Scarlett served as president of the Calgary Associate Clinic as well as a senior consultant in medicine at Colonel Belcher Hospital, both from 1947-58.

Dr. Earle Parkhill Scarlett received honorary doctorates from the University of Toronto, the University of Alberta, and the University of Calgary. Scarlett was a prolific writer, authoring more than 450 papers, articles, monographs, and book contributions. He died in 1982 at the age of 86.